中文摘要：

高度演化的富P过铝质岩浆体系，具有鲜明的、不同于其他体系的地球化学行为。富P过铝质熔体以富P，高ASI，贫Fe、Mg、Ca，强烈亏损REE、Th、Y以及具有W、Sn、Nb、Ta等金属的矿化为特征。富P过铝质岩浆体系中的碱性长石为富P长石，长石中P可以有效地指示过铝质岩浆体系的演化历程：在岩浆演化的晚期，P与Li具强的亲和性，形成锂辉石-磷铝锂石-羟磷铝锂石的组合。已有的实验研究揭示，P能降低简单花岗岩的液相线和固相线温度、粘度以及增加H2O在熔体中的溶解度。然而，这一体系还存在许多问题亟待研究，P能否促进过铝质岩浆的液态不混溶，能否促使等价不相容元素在过铝质岩浆演化过程中的分异，是否在稀有金属成矿过程中起作用等都是值得关注的问题。

英文摘要：

Highly evolved phosphorous-rich peraluminous magmatic system shows distinctive geochemical behaviors. It was characterized as being high in P, and ASI, low in Ca, Mg and Fe, strong depletions in REE, Th and Y, and mineralizations of W, Sn, Nb and Ta. The alkali feldspar crystallized from the Prich peraluminous magmatic system is often enriched in phosphorous. The abundance and distribution of phosphorus in alkali feldspar can reveal the evolution history of the magma. As P has strong affinity to Li, an assemblage of spodumene-amblygonite-montebrasite occurred in the last stage of magmatic evolution. Previous studies showed that phosphorus can depress the liquidus and solidus, decrease the viscosity and increase the solubility of water in haplogranite melts. However, there remain some issues in the P-rich magmatic system to be explored clearly in the future, such as the effects of phosphorus on liquid immiscibility, fractionation of REE and other incompatible elements, and mineralizations of the rare metals.