中文摘要：

量的变化和在从一个沙过滤器和小粒的激活的碳(GAC ) 的自河的粒子的尺寸分发在喝的水处理植物过滤被调查。在沙过滤器自河的粒子的平均全部的集中在一个过滤器周期期间是 148 particles/mL，其 27 比在尺寸的 2 µm 大。在 GAC 自河(561 particles/mL ) 的集中在沙过滤器自河比那显著地大。比在 GAC 过滤器自河的 2 µm 大的粒子的集中到达了 201 particles/mL，与有在 2 µm 并且 15 µm 增加之间的尺寸的粒子的数量。碳罚款的最可能的数字(MPN ) 在在 0.45 µm 之间的六个小时和罚款以后到达了 43 unit/L， 8.0 µm 占了超过 50% 。在 GAC 过滤器自河的 outflowing 细菌的全部的集中， 350 CFU (形成殖民地的单位)/mL，在沙过滤器自河比那大， 210 CFU/mL。使放出的细菌集中到达了 310 CFU/mg 罚款的一般水准。使放出的细菌的消毒效率与氯的 1.5 mg/L 是比 40% 低的。消毒效果证明有氯胺(90%) 的 2.0 mg/L 的 inactivation 率与氯(70%) 比那高。试验性的结果显示未加工的水和沉积自河里的高粒子集中在沙过滤器自河导致了 outflowing 粒子的高水平。在自河的激活的碳罚款说明了全部的粒子数量的一个小比例，但是存在细菌属于罚款可以影响的碳喝的水安全。使放出的细菌的消毒效率是比有氯的免费细菌的低的，并且细菌上的消毒效果与氯胺属于碳罚款与仅仅氯比那好。

英文摘要：

The quantitative change and size distribution of particles in the effluents from a sand filter and a granular activated carbon （GAC） filter in a drinking water treatment plant were investigated. The average total concentration of particles in the sand filter effluent during a filter cycle was 148 particles/mL, 27 of which were larger than 2 μm in size. The concentration in the GAC effluent （561 particles/mL） was significantly greater than that in the sand filter effluent. The concentration of particles larger than 2 μm in the GAC filter effluent reached 201 particles/mL, with the amount of particles with sizes between 2 μm and 15 μm increasing. The most probable number （MPN） of carbon fines reached 43 unit/L after six hours and fines between 0.45 μm and 8.0 μm accounted for more than 50%. The total concentration of outflowing bacteria in the GAC filter effluent, 350 CFU （colony-forming units） /mL, was greater than that in the sand filter effluent, 210 CFU/mL. The desorbed bacteria concentration reached an average of 310 CFU/mg fines. The disinfection efficiency of desorbed bacteria was lower than 40% with 1.5 mg/L of chlorine. The disinfection effect showed that the inactivation rate with 2.0 mg/L of chloramine （90%） was higher than that with chlorine （70%）. Experimental results indicated that the high particle concentration in raw water and sedimentation effluent led to high levels of outflowing particles in the sand filter effluent. The activated carbon fines in the effluent accounted for a small proportion of the total particle amount, but the existing bacteria attached to carbon fines may influence the drinking water safety. The disinfection efficiency of desorbed bacteria was lower than that of free bacteria with chlorine, and the disinfection effect on bacteria attached to carbon fines with chloramine was better than that with only chlorine.