中文摘要：

探讨妊娠和高碘对妇女甲状腺功能及甲状腺自身免疫功能的影响。选择高碘地区（27．69±4．73）岁孕妇210例和（30．62±6．01）岁育龄妇女290例；采集空腹晨尿及静脉血，砷．铈催化分光光度法测定尿碘浓度，化学发光法测定血清游离三碘甲腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）及灵敏促甲状腺激素（sTSH），放射免疫法测定血清甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPOAb）和甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TGAb）。孕妇和育龄妇女尿碘中位数分别为1240．70μg/L和949．21μg／L，有84．3％的孕妇和81．0％的育龄妇女碘过量。孕妇和育龄妇女甲状腺疾病总患病率为22．9％和30．3％，孕妇甲状腺功能亢进症（甲亢）、亚临床甲亢、甲状腺功能减退症（甲减）、亚临床甲减的患病率分别为0．5％、1．9％、0．5％和20．0％。育龄妇女的甲亢、亚临床甲亢、甲减及亚临床甲减的患病率分别为2．8％、0．3％、0．3％和26．9％。孕妇的FT3、FT4水平低于育龄妇女[（4．03±0．59对4．71±1．04）pmol／L，（13．35±1．59对14．27±3．63）pmoL／L，均P〈0．01]，TGAb阳性率低于育龄妇女（7．1％对14．1％，P=0．014）。高碘地区妇女甲状腺疾病患病率及甲状腺自身抗体阳性率较高，妊娠使孕妇甲状腺激素水平及TGAb阳性率较育龄妇女降低，建议育龄妇女及孕妇控制碘摄入，并加强甲状腺功能和甲状腺自身抗体的监测。

英文摘要：

To explore the influences of pregnancy and iodine intake on thyroid function and immune functions, 210 pregnant women and 290 fertile women were chosen from iodine excess area, and the average ages of them were （27.69±4. 73） and （30. 62±6.01 ）years respectively. Fasting blood and urine were collected in the morning. The urinary iodine level was determined by arsenic-cerium catalytic contact. Serum free triiodothyronine （ FT3 ）, free thyroxine （ FT4 ）, and sensitive thyroid-stimulating hormone （sTSH） levels were measured by chemiluminescence. Thyroid peroxidase antibody （TPOAb）and thyroglobulin antibody （TGAb）were measured by radioimmunoassay. The median urinary iodine in the pregnant and fertile women were 1 240. 70 and 949.21μg/L, respectively. There were 84. 3% pregnant women and 81.0% fertile women admitting excess iodine intake. The prevalence of overall thyroid diseases was 22.9% in the pregnant women and 30. 3% in the fertile women. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and subclinical hypothyroidism was0. 5%, 1.9%, 0. 5%, and 20. 0% in the former group, and 2. 8%, 0. 3%, 0. 3%, and 26, 9% in the latter. Both FT3 and FT4 levels of the pregnant women were lower than those of fertile women [ （4.03 ±0. 59 vs 4. 71 ± 1.04 ）pmol/L, （ 13.35 ± 1.59 vs 14.27 ±3.63 ） pmol/L,both P〈0. 01 ], and the positive rate of TGAb of pregnant women was also lower than that of fertile women （7. 1% vs 14. 1%, P = 0. 014）. The prevalence of thyroid diseases and positive rate of thyroid autoantibodies is high in women with excess iodine intake. Compared with fertile women, pregnancy may lead to decreases in level of thyroid hormones mad positive rate of TGAb. Their iodine intake should be controlled, and the thyroid function and autoimmunity antibodies should be monitored.