动、形兼方类词是现代汉语词类系统中一个特殊小类。使用范围上,主要出现于汉语方言中的晋语区和官话区,但伴随着方言至共同语词汇的扩散,又一定程度上进入了共同语,具有一定的共同语语词性质。词类功能上,则同时兼具动词、形容词功能与方位词功能。其语法功能的表现是:一方面造句功用为充任介词的宾语,表现出了方位词的功能;另一方面,深层又表现出了不被体词修饰的动词、形容词性组合功能。其表述功能的表现是:一方面动、形兼方类词的基本范畴义是方位;另一方面,动、形兼方类词同时还兼含有行为和性状范畴意义。动、形兼方类词功能上的特殊性当是动词、形容词非范畴化的结果。
The localizer in V+L and in A+L is a particular category in modern Chinese parts of speech system.In terms of its usage range,it embodies the characteristics of both dialects and the common language,with the nature of a quasi-common language;In respect of the function of parts of speech,it carries multiple functions of verbs,adjectives and localizers based on the same meaning range.The special nature of localizers in V+L and A+L may be the results of the decategorization of verbs and adjectives.