中文摘要：

同一性问题是当前俄罗斯哲学界探讨的热点问题，对同一性问题的探讨与苏联哲学的解体和由此所导致的当代俄罗斯哲学界对哲学理解的混乱、多义、歧义直接相关。在作者看来，对同一性问题的探索首先就在于明确哲学研究对象和哲学基本问题。哲学研究对象的定义必须是唯一的、一元论的，多元论方法对哲学研究对象的定义实际上不是扩大，而是限制了认知世界的可能性。从本质上来说，哲学研究对象构成了对所有在自然界、社会和文化中处于对立的和较为普遍的关系中的联系和中介的认识，其目的是为作为自由个体的全面的、完整的、和谐的个性发展创造条件。

英文摘要：

Identity problem is the hot issue in the current Russian philosophy. The study on identity problem has straight relation with the collapse of the Soviet philosophy and the chaos, polysemy, and ambiguity of philosophy in Russian caused by it. The study of identity problem can eliminate this confusion, and reach a consensus on philosophy research object and philosophy basic problems. The definition of philosophy research object must be unique and monistic. However, it is not broadened but restricted in the possibility of cognitive world by pluralism. Essentially research objects of philosophy form connection of all natural, social and cultural beings that are in opposite and common relationship as well as mesomeric understanding, in order to create conditions for personality development as free individual, with comprehensiveness, integrity and harmony.