中文摘要：

神经外科手术导航系统是借助医学影像提供的信息提高手术的精度和安全性的一种技术手段。基于开放式MRI术中成像的神经外科手术导航系统和X-射线成像导航系统相比，没有放射性，能够采集人体解剖学、生理学，甚至心理学信息以及它们对应的病理学信息等。因此，基于开放式MRI的神经外科手术导航系统是影像导引手术导航的发展方向。本文介绍了基于开放式MRI影像引导神经外科手术系统的工作流程和相应的关键科学技术问题。其流程包括术前的准备工作、术中成像和导航以及术后成像和评价。关键科学技术问题包括多模态影像数据的采集和集成分析、器械的导航和定位，以及制定手术评价标准等。

英文摘要：

Neurosurgery navigation system （NNS） increases the accuracy and safety of surgery because of the visualization supporting of imaging information. Based on opened MRI system, the neurosurgery navigation system does not have any radiation injury both for doctors and patients compared with X-ray based NNS device, and it can provide more brain information such as anatomical, physiological and even psychological information, as well as their corresponding pathological information. Therefore, MRI based NNS is the direction of image guided surgery （IGS）. The approach and key techniques of MRI based NNS are described in the paper. The procedures of IGS consist of pre-operative preparation, intraoperative imaging and navigation, as well as imaging and evaluation after the surgery. Fast data acquisition and image processing, accurate navigation and localization, and making an evaluation system are the key techniques.