中文摘要：

以Bi（NO3）3·5H2O和L-胱氨酸为反应原料,分别以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（N,N-dimethylformamide,DMF）、蒸馏水-乙二醇（体积比为2：1）和蒸馏水为溶剂,采用溶剂热法在160℃下反应120h,得到了不同形貌的硫化铋（Bi2S3）粉体。利用X射线衍射、能量色散谱、X射线光电能谱、场发射扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜分别对所合成的Bi2S3的晶型结构、组成和表面形貌等进行了表征。结果表明：所合成的产物为典型的Bi2S3正交结构,在DMF溶剂中得到的Bi2S3纳米棒长为4～11μm,直径为120nm。在蒸馏水-乙二醇和蒸馏水溶剂中得到的是片状的Bi2S3晶粒。讨论了不同溶剂对Bi2S3的形成及其形貌的影响,并根据实验结果对所合成的一维纳米棒可能的形成机理进行了探讨。

英文摘要：

Nanostructured bismuth sulfide（Bi2S3） powder samples with different morphologies were synthesized by solvothermal method at 160 ℃ for 120 h using N,N-dimethylformamide（DMF）,distilled water and distilled water-ethylene glycol（volume ratio 2：1） as the reaction solvent and Bi（NO3）3·5H2O and L-cystine as the raw materials.The crystallinity,phase structure and morphology of the asprepared samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction,energy dispersion spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The results show the asprepared Bi2S3 sample is typical Bi2S3 orthorhombic phase,and the diameters and lengths of nanorods of Bi2S3 synthesized in the DMF solvent are approximately 120 nm and 4-11 μm,respectively.However,the Bi2S3 powder consists of nanoflakes when synthesis is carried out with distilled water and distilled water-ethylene glycol as the reaction solvent.The morphology and formation mechanism of Bi2S3 in different solvents are also discussed.A possible growth mechanism of one-dimensional nanorods is provided.