中文摘要：

全能区域非特异性的胚胎干细胞是研究成体不同脑区控制干细胞分化能力的十分有力的工具。胚胎干细胞源性神经前体细胞移植入成体脑后可分化为功能性神经元，但是未分化的胚胎干细胞在成体脑内各个部位的存活、生长与分化的潜能差异尚不清楚。本文旨在探讨成体脑组织对胚胎干细胞的影响及胚胎干细胞在成体脑内的一系列行为。将少量转绿色荧光蛋白未分化的小鼠胚胎干细胞移植入成体大鼠脑内不同部位，分别于移植5、14和28d后处死大鼠，进行形态学观察及免疫组化定性，以了解未分化的小鼠胚胎干细胞在大鼠脑内不同区域的存活、生长与分化。结果发现未分化的小鼠胚胎干细胞可逐步整合入受体组织并向nestin阳性神经前体细胞分化。移植细胞及其后裔在海马生长最为旺盛，而在隔区最差（P〈0．01）；移植细胞分化为神经干细胞的效率也是在海马最高，而在隔区最低（P〈0．01）。提示只有部分脑区适合胚胎干细胞及其后裔生存，并提供促进其分化的有益环境。因此，由于位置特异的微环境因子及环境因素的存在，宿主组织特性对决定中枢神经系统疾病的细胞替代疗法策略是相当重要的。

英文摘要：

Totipotent and regionally non-specified embryonic stem （ES） cells provide a powerful tool to understand mechanisms controlling stem cell differentiation in different regions of the adult brain. As the development capacity of ES cells in the adult brain is still largely unknown, we grafted small amounts of mouse ES （ruES） cells into adult rat brains to explore the survival and differentiation of implanted mES cells in different rat brain regions. We transplanted the green fluorescent protein （GFP）-positive mES cells into the hippocampus, septal area, cortex and caudate nucleus in rat brains. Then the rats were sacrificed 5, 14 and 28 d later. Of all the brain regions, the survival rate of the transplanted cells and their progeny were the highest in the hippocampus and the lowest in the septal area （P〈0.01）. The grafted ES cells could differentiate into nestin-positive neural stem cells. Nestin-positive/GFP-positive cells were observed in all brain regions with the highest frequency of nestin-positive cells in the hippocampus and the lowest in the medial septal area （P〈0.01）. mES cells differentiated into end cells such as neurons and glial cells in all transplantation sites in recipient brains. In the hippocampus, the ES cells differentiated into neurons in large amounts. These results demonstrate that only some brain regions permit survival of mES cells and their progeny, and form instructive environments for neuronal differentiation of mES cells. Thus, because of regionspecific presence of microenvironmental cues and their environmental fields, the characteristics of the recipient tissue were considerably important in formulating cell replacement strategies for neural disorders.