中文摘要：

随着我国经济社会的发展，水资源供需矛盾日益突出，为了有效控制水资源使用的不断扩张和无限需求，需要建立水权制度体系。水资源使用权制度是水权制度建设的基本内容，必须在初期加以建设和制定。在对国内部分专家学者提出的水资源使用权分配原则进行分类筛选后，确定生态用水保障原则、占用优先原则、基本用水保障原则、公平性原则和高效性原则为水资源使用权分配的具体原则，以这些原则为基础建立水资源使用权分配模型。采用遗传算法对模型求解，以黄河流域为例，分析算法的收敛性和稳定性。应用模型分配黄河流域地表水资源量并与“87分水方案”进行比较。

英文摘要：

With the development of economy and society, the conflict between water supply and demand aggravates. The water right system needs to be set up in order to control the overuse and unlimited demand of water resources. The allocation of water right is an essential part of the establishment of the water right system that should be established early. After classifying the allocation principles of water right of use suggested by some experts in China, the leading principles are set out as follows： the ecological water guarantee, the prior appropriation, the basic water guarantee, the equity principle and the high efficiency principles. Based on these allocation principles, the model on water right of use allocation is set up, using Genetic Algorithm （GA） to work out the multi-objectively non-linear model. The convergence and stability of GA is analyzed by taking the Yellow River basin as an example.The allocation results of the surface water right of use are compared with ＂87-water-allocation- scheme＂ for the Yellow River basin.