从企业形成与发展的历史轨迹看,企业是物质资本、人力资本和社会资本所有者集体选择的产物。政府是企业的社会资本投资者,所投入的社会资本包括提高其经济价值和社会价值的社会资本两类。其中,社会价值是指政府通过企业创造社会物质文明和精神文明使其得以持续执政的价值,经济价值则指政府通过维护社会公平、促进社会成员共同发展而得到的税费利等权力租。每个国家的政府都必须根据其对公平和效率的价值观选择两类社会资本的投入数量以获得总价值最大。在不同发展阶段,不同国家的政府的选择各不相同。
From the historical track of the enterprises, the government can be seen as an investor of the social capital. The social capital that the government invested into the enterprises can be divided into two kinds, which are intended to improve the economic value and social value of the society. Every government has to weigh and balance between the social efficiency and social justice by ways of investing the social capital, to maximize the total value of both. The social value means the government creates the material wealth and spiritual wealth by choosing the enterprises to help continue its administration. The economic value means the power rents the government gets by maintaining the social justice and the whole society development. During different period, different government may have different choices.