中文摘要：

RNA干扰（RNA interference,RNAi）是一种由外源性或内源性双链RNA分子阻断或者降低同源基因表达的现象。由于RNAi对靶基因的沉默作用具有高效性、特异性等特点,近年来已广泛应用于基因治疗。肿瘤除早期进行手术及化疗等传统治疗手段外,目前尚无有效的治疗对策。采用RNAi技术的基因治疗手段为肿瘤的有效治疗带来了新的希望。本文将对RNAi干扰机制、RNAi在肿瘤基因治疗中的研究进展及其在应用过程中所面临的挑战作一综述。

英文摘要：

RNA interference （RNAi） is a phenomenon that the endogenous or exogenous double stranded RNA induces the degradation of the homologous mRNA, which leads to the inhibition of specific gene expression. Due to its efficacy and specificity, RNAi has been widely used in gene therapy. There is currently no effective strategy for tumor therapy except for traditional treatment such as surgery and chemotherapy at early stage. However, gene therapy involved in RNAi technology brings new hope to effective treatment of tumor. In this paper, we reviewed the mechanisms involved in RNAi, the advancement of siRNA in tumor gene therapy and challenges faced by people in the application of RNAi.