中文摘要：

目的：探讨肾内科患者医院感染状况及其感染危险因素，为临床防治提供对策。方法回顾性分析2011年9月－2013年9月医院肾内科997例住院患者的临床资料，调查其医院感染发生情况及其感染的危险因素，采用SPSS13．0统计软件对调查数据进行统计分析。结果共98例发生医院感染，感染率9．8％；感染病原菌主要为革兰阴性菌占56．6％，其次为革兰阳性菌和真菌，分别占28．3％和15．1％；感染部位主要为呼吸道感染占39．8％，其次为泌尿道、留置导管和消化道感染，分别占28．6％、19．4％和12．2％；两组患者性别和合并高血压构成比等比较，差异无统计学意义；观察组患者合并糖尿病和侵入性操作均多于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）；相比对照组，观察组患者具有高龄、病程及住院时间长、24 h尿蛋白定量高和血浆白蛋白量低等特点，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论肾内科患者医院感染危险因素多，应采取积极的防治措施，降低医院感染的发生率。

英文摘要：

OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence of nosocomial infections in the patients of nephrology department and observe the risk factors for the infections so as to put forward clinical prevention countermeasures .METHODS The clinical data of 997 patients who were hospitalized the nephrology department from Sep 2011 to Sep 2013 were retrospectively analyzed ,then the incidence of nosocomial infections and the risk factors for the infections were in‐vestigated ,and the statistical analysis of data was performed with the use of SPSS 13 .0 software .RESULTS The nosocomial infections occurred in 98 cases ,with the infection rate of 9 .8% .Among the pathogens causing the in‐fections ,the gram‐negative bacteria accounted for 56 .6% ,the gram‐positive bacteria 28 .3% ,the fungi 15 .1% . The patients with respiratory tract infections accounted for 39 .8% , the patients with urinary tract infections 28 .6% ,the patients with indwelling catheter‐associated infections 19 .4% ,the patients with gastrointestinal tract infections 12 .2% .As compared with the gender or constituent ratio of complication of hypertension ,there was no significant difference between the two groups .The number of the patients who were complicated with diabetic mellitus or underwent invasive operations was larger in the observation group than in the control group ,there was significant difference （P〈0 .01） .As compared with the patients in the control group ,the patients in the observa‐tion group were characterized by the advanced age ,long disease course ,long length of hospital stay ,high content of 24h urine protein ,and low content of plasma albumin ,the difference was significant （P〈0 .01） .CONCLUSION There are a variety of risk factors for nosocomial infections in the patients of nephrology department .It is necessa‐ry to actively take prevention measures so as to reduce the incidence of the nosocomial infections .