中文摘要：

真空开关的分闸速度是影响开关电弧形态及其使用性能的重要因素。为满足高精度分析的需求，提出运用数字图像处理技术从真空开关运动序列图像中精确跟踪触头位置，进而计算触头运动速度的检测方法。该文首先利用Solidworks软件建立真空开关触头模型，并以设定速度模拟分闸过程，获得了分闸过程动触头的运动序列图像。运用Harris角点检测算法提取序列图像中触头角点，然后用SSD（sum of square differences）角点匹配算法对相邻序列图像中所检测到的角点进行匹配，并从中筛选精确匹配角点，再以匹配的像素角点为初始值，计算亚像素精度角点，从而实现了动触头位置的亚像素级精度跟踪。计算相邻帧图像动触头的位移，该位移与相邻帧图像时间间隔的比值即为动触头的瞬时速度。结果表明：亚像素角点检测技术可实现动触头位置跟踪及其分闸速度计算，且相对误差掣．7％，最高精度可达0．34％。该方法能够实现真空开关分闸速度的高精度检测，为后续分析分闸速度与电弧形态的关系奠定了基础。

英文摘要：

Breaking speed of vacuum switch is an important factor influencing its arc shape and performance. To meet the requirements of precisely analyzing the breaking speed of vacuum switch, we proposed to use digital image processing technology to detect the position of electrode in sequence images, then to calculate the breaking speed. Firstly, a vacuum switch electrode model is established, and its breaking process is simulated with a setting speed curve by the Solidworks software. Then, a sequence of images of electrode during the breaking process is accessed. From these images, comers of anode are extracted by using the Harris comer detection algorithm. The comers between adjacent sequence images are matched by using SSD （sum of square differences） algorithm, and the accurately matched comers are selected after screening. By setting these pixel comers as the initial value, sub-pixel comers are calculated so as to realize the dynamic tracking of anode＇s position at the sub-pixel level. Then the displacement of anode between adjacent sequence images is calculated, and the ratio of displacement to time interval is right the instantaneous velocity of anode. Simulative calcula- tion indicates that, with the proposed sub-pixel comer detection technique, the dynamic tracking of anode＇s position and the velocity of anode can be accurately obtained, namely the relative error is below 4.7% and the highest accuracy reaches 0.34%. Therefore, the method can realize high-precision detection of the breaking speed of vacuum switch, which paves the way for further research on the relationship between breaking speed and arc shape.