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中文摘要：
大量研究表明,吸附到土壤和沉积物中的疏水性有机物只有部分能够较容易地解吸出来,而残留的部分很难解吸.这种现象常被称为＂解吸滞后＂,＂不可逆吸附＂,或者＂锁定＂.锁定会导致受污染土壤和沉积物修复效率的降低;但与此同时,锁定也会降低受污染土壤和沉积物的环境风险.本文综述了土壤和沉积物中疏水性有机污染物锁定的典型热力学和动力学特征、以及锁定的形成机理,介绍了一个能够以简单参数准确量化污染物从土壤和沉积物中解吸行为的数学模型,并探讨了锁定对疏水性有机污染物迁移归宿、生物可利用性、以及污染场地生态风险的影响.
英文摘要：
Numerous studies have shown that desorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants from soil/sediment is biphasic： only a fraction of contaminants in soil/sediment can readily desorb,whereas desorption of the remaining fraction is very difficult and contaminants persist much longer than what is predicted using the conventional desorption models.This phenomenon is typically referred to as ＂resistant desorption＂,＂irreversible sorption＂,or ＂sequestration＂.While sequestration can significantly affect the effectiveness of soil and sediment remediation processes,it can also lessen the risk of contaminated soil/sediment due to reduced bioavailability of sequestrated pollutants.This paper reviews the mechanisms controlling sequestration,and introduces a more accurate model that can be used to predict the desorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants from soil/sediment.The impact of sequestration on the fate and bioavailability of pollutants,and on the management of contaminated sites is discussed.
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