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中文摘要：
草地是陆地生态系统中最重要、分布最广的生态系统类型之一，对全球碳循环和气候调节有着重要的作用和效应，我国拥有极为丰富的草地资源，是巨大的陆地碳储存库，也是全球碳循环重要组成部分，干湿交替是土壤中普遍发生的自然现象，这种现象的发生可能会加速土壤的碳矿化过程、激增土壤呼吸以及影响微生物的活性和群落结构等，在全球变化日趋显著的背景下，降雨量、降雨强度以及降雨频率的变化将会加速土壤干湿交替进程，进而带来微生物活性、群落结构以及土壤呼吸的变化，并对全球碳循环过程产生重要影响，本文综述了近十年来国内外的相关文献，对干湿交替条件下，土壤释放CO2消耗碳源、土壤呼吸随时间的动态变化趋势以及土壤呼吸与微生物量、微生物活性和微生物群落结构之间的关系进行了分析和总结，以期为更好地理解干湿交替过程中草地生态系统土壤呼吸的微生物学响应机制，更准确地预测和评估未来的全球陆地生态系统的碳收支与气候变化提供一定的理论基础。
英文摘要：
As one of the most important and wide distribution community type among terrestrial ecosystems, grassland ecosystem plays a critical role in the global carbon cycles and climate regulation. China has extremely rich grassland resources, which have a huge carbon sequestration potential and are an important part of the global carbon cycle. Drying and rewetting is a common natural phenomenon in soil, which might accelerate soil carbon mineralization process, increase soil respiration and exert profound influence on microbial activity and community structure. Under the background of the global change, the changes in rainfall capacity, strength and frequency would inevitably affect soil drying and wetting cycles, and thus change the microbial activity and community structure as well as soil respiration, and then exert important influence on global carbon budget. In this paper, related references in recent ten years were reviewed. The source of soil released, the trend of soil respiration over time and the relationship between soil respiration and microbial bio- mass, microbial activity and microbial community structure during the processes of dry-rewetting cycle were analyzed and summarized, in order to better understand the microbial response mechanism for drying and rewetting effecting on soil respiration in grassland ecosystem, and provide a certain theoretical basis for more accurate evaluation and prediction of future global carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems and climate change.
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