中文摘要：

近亲繁殖回避现象是人类学者、生物学者、心理学者和社会学者最关心的研究课题之一。针对灵长类的社会特点和近亲繁殖回避假说,本文引入了三个主要假设：假设1）近亲繁殖可能会导致个体繁殖适合度降低等损失;假设2）近亲繁殖有利有弊,但是弊端可能明显大于利益;假设3）如果弊大于利,那么动物应该进化形成回避近亲繁殖的机制,以减少该行为产生的损失。然后,本文综述分析了6科19个灵长类种群的现有繁殖数据,验证了灵长类的行为回避、迁移和繁殖抑制等机制,旨在强调灵长类回避近亲繁殖的必要性及其生物学背景,并为人类学、生物学和心理学的相关研究提供跨学科素材。

英文摘要：

For the past decade, the idea that non-human primates avoid copulating with close kin in their social group is controversial among anthropologists, biologists and psychologists. Based on the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis, I make three assumptions： 1） Inbreeding is costly and may reduce individual reproductive fi tness; 2） The costs of inbreeding outweigh its benefi ts; 3） If the costs are higher than the benefi ts, mechanisms to avoid inbreeding should evolve. In this work, I analyzed breeding data from 6 primate families and 19 populations, addressed these three assumptions and evaluated their applicability to these primate groups.