中文摘要：

从历史发展角度来讲，民族消亡是不以人的意志为转移的客观规律，但现在远未发展到那样的阶段，因此，民族问题会长期存在。文中以苏联为例，当年苏联过早强调“民族融合”而忽视民族问题存在的长期性，正是这种急于求成的“民族融合”思想，成了导致苏联解体的重要因素之一。党的十一届三中全会以来，我们的民族政策虽有瑕疵，但整体上应该肯定，但有些自己不从事民族理论研究的学者，却极力倡导民族问题“去政治化”“非政治化”，提出要制定“第二代民族政策”，要“从制度上引导族际通婚”，从政治、经济、文化、社会等方面促进各民族“交融一体”。本文认为，那种试图对我国现行民族理论和民族政策进行颠覆性评价，甚至不惜要将其推倒重来的思路，无疑极具破坏性。

英文摘要：

Historically, ethnic extinction is an objective law, but it is far from that stage. Therefore, ethnic problems will exist for long. Take former USSR as an example： the former USSR over-stressed ＂ethnic melting＂ and ignored the fact that it would exist for long. It is such radical ＂ethnic melting＂ idea that is one of key reasons resulting in the collapse of USSR. Since thethird plenary session of the 1 lth central committee of the communist of China, though with some defects, our ethnic policies generally work well. However, some scholars do not study ethnic theories and advocate ＂de-politicalization＂ and ＂non-politicalization＂, and put forward the idea to make 2nd-generation ethnic policy and encourage interethnic marriage at the theoretical level, and promote the ＂ethnic melting＂ from the aspect of politics, economy, culture and society etc. This article holds that such attempts are over-turning critiques of current Chinese ethnic theory and policy, even at the cost of uprooting them entirely, and it is catastrophic.