中文摘要：

为了观察铅、镉及其联合对新生大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞的形态学影响,本试验通过对原代培养的新生大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞经提取、纯化和鉴定后,分九组进行单独或联合染毒,染毒时间为12 h,显微镜观察神经细胞形态并测量其胞体短直径和突起长度的变化。结果显示,与对照组相比,各试验组神经细胞密度降低,神经网络减少;各试验组神经细胞胞体短直径显著减小（P〈0.05）,突起长度显著变短（P〈0.05）;随铅、镉单剂量作用浓度的增加,神经细胞胞体短直径和突起长度有减小趋势,但组间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。与相应铅、镉单独染毒组比较,各铅镉联合染毒组神经细胞胞体短直径减小、突起长度变短更加明显,部分组间差异显著（P〈0.05）。结果表明,铅、镉作用浓度与神经细胞形态改变存在明显的剂量-效应关系,铅镉联合表现协同毒性效应。

英文摘要：

In order to observe the impact of low-level lead and/or cadmium in cortical neurons of neonatal SD rats, the cultured cortical neurons of neonatal rats are used to perform toxicity test. In the experimental group, neurons are given lead or/and cadmium respectively for 12 hours at different concentrations. The morphological changes of neurons were observed and the pericaryon and processes were measured by inverted light microscope. In comparison with the control group, the density of neurons and neural network decreased in poisoning groups （P〈0.05）, the pericaryon and processes of neurons significantly decreased （P〈0.05）; With increasing concentrations of lead acetate and cadmium acetate, there is a reductive trend morphological changes of neurons in comParison with the control group, but the difference was not significant in part groups （P〉0.05）. The changes of pericaryon and processes of neurons were more obvious in combined lead and cadmium groups than in single groups of lead or cadmium respectively, there was significant difference in part groups （P〈0. 05）. The relation of dose-effect was obviously observed between lead or/and cadmium and morphological changes, the effects produced by the combined treatment of lead and cadmium are synergistic.