中文摘要：

本研究以中文版生活定向测验（LOT—R）为例，使用CTCM和CTCU方法进行建模，旨在探讨中文表述的量表中是否存在项目表述效应以及影响项目表述效应的特质因素。采用中文版生活定向测验等量表组成的问卷对334名大学生进行测试。结果表明，中文版LOT—R存在项目表述效应，是一种反向题的项目表述效应，也可称为语言标签效应；在分离了反向题项目表述效应后，发现中文版LOT—R只存在乐观因子，而不再有悲观因子。这表明乐观一悲观同属于一种人格特质，而非两种不同的人格特质；反向题项目表述效应是一种结构性误差，会导致量表结构的扭曲。研究还发现担心错误和父母期望与反向题项目表述效应存在显著的负相关，表明越是担心错误或父母期望水平越高的被试，他们对反向题的项目表述效应（语言标签效应）越小。社会赞许性对反向题项目表述效应没有影响。

英文摘要：

In the course of the development of a self - -report instrument, negatively worded items are often included in a questionnaire with positively worded items to prevent response bias, such as acquiescence, affirmation, and agreement bias. Yet this strategy may in- terfere with examinations of the latent structure of self - -report instruments and the relations with other psychological constructs. As a result, a new response bias occurs, which is caused by the difference between the positive item wording and negative item wording. So researchers refer to it as the method effects associated with item wording. Taking the Chinese version of Life Orientation Test-Revised （LOT-R） as an example, this study aimed to explore whether the method effects associated with item wording existed in the Chinese version personality rating scales and whether they were influenced by perfectionism and social desirability. Both the Correlated-Trait Cor- related-Method （CTCM） and Correlated-Trait Correlated-Uniqueness （CTCU） methods were used in model building and testing. A questionnaire, which included the Revised Life Orientation Test （ LOT-R）, the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale （FMPS） and the Common Social desirability Scale （ CSDS）, was administered to 334 college students. The results showed that （ 1 ） the method effects associated with the item wording did exist in the Chinese version of LOT-R and they were reflected in the negatively worded i- tems; （2） when the method effects associated with negatively worded items were separated from the trait effects, only the optimism fac- tor was left in the Chinese version of LOT-R, which indicated that optimism and pessimism belonged to the same personality trait instead of two different ones; （3） the method effects associated with negatively worded items were negatively and significantly correlated with two dimensions of the perfectionism, i. e. , the concern over mistakes and the parental expectations, but not with social desirability. More