中文摘要：

通过大田试验,以密闭法与硼酸吸收法收集和测定土壤NH3挥发量,以密闭法收集和气相色谱法测定土壤N2O释放量.采用二元二次正交旋转组合设计,研究交替灌溉施肥条件下的水氮数量耦合对NH3挥发,N2O排放及夏玉米产量的影响,并建立相应的数学模型.交替灌溉施肥处理NH3-N挥发量为4.78～17.00 kg/hm2,氨挥发引起的氮肥损失率为1.89%～11.89%;N2 O-N排放量为0.59～0.88 kg/hm2,氮肥损失率为0.01%～0.31%;常规处理NH3-N和N2 O-N排放量分别为19.55kg/hm2和1.29 kg/hm2,其氮肥损失率分别为8.27%和0.45%.交替灌溉施肥处理的籽粒产量为4 163.18～6 942.00 kg/hm2.模拟结果表明,气态氮（NH3-N＋N2O-N）最低释放量为9.28 kg/hm2,相应水氮配比为800.00 m3/hm2（灌水量）和24.80kg/hm2（施氮量）.最高籽粒产量为6 367.07 kg/hm2,相应水氮配比为930.12 m3/hm2（灌水量）和238.19 kg/hm2（施氮量）.气态氮释放量≤12.84 kg/hm2的管理方案：灌水量658.06～941.94 m3/hm2,施氮量87.36～131.16 kg/hm2.籽粒产量≥4 934.91 kg/hm2的管理方案：灌水量910.22～1 134.20 m3/hm2,施氮量215.89～270.78 kg/hm2.控制性交替灌溉施肥条件下,气态氮损失较低和产量较高的灌水量范围为910.22～941.94 m3/hm2,氮肥用量则无交集.与常规灌溉施肥相比,水肥异区交替灌溉施肥显著降低气态氮释放,增加产量.

英文摘要：

A field experiment was conducted by second-order central designed with composite orthogonal rotational matrix for two variables to investigate the effects of quantity coupling between water and N under AINP（alternate irrigation and N Placement） on soil NH3 volatilization and N2O emission and summer maize yield.The gaseous N was collected by open-bottomed chambers made from PVC in field.NH3 was absorbed in the chamber with boric acid and then titrated with dilution H2SO4 in the lab.A 5mL sample of headspace air was taken at 2-4 d interval after fertilization and stored in evacuated glass vials with butyl rubber seals which were put in 4℃ fridge until analysis.The N2O concentration of each sample was measured by Varian 3800 gas chromatograph.The results indicated that total NH3-N volatilization accumulation of AINP were 4.78-17.00 kg/hm2,and 1.89%-11.89% of applied N,while soil N2O-N emission were 0.59-0.88 kg/hm2,and 0.01%-0.31% of applied N.Total NH3-N volatilization and N2O-N emission from conventional treatment were 19.55 kg/hm2 and 1.29 kg/hm2,and 8.27% and 0.45% of applied N respectively.Maize yield of AINP were 4 163.18-6 942.00 kg/hm2.The simulation results showed that the lowest of total NH3-N volatilization and N2O-N emission would be 9.28 kg/hm2 when water amount was 800.00 m3/hm2 and N rate was 24.80 kg/hm2.The highest maize yield would be 6 367.07 kg/hm2 when optimal water amount and N ratio were 930.12 m3/hm2 and 238.19 kg/hm2 respectively.The NH3 volatilization and N2O emission could be lower（≤12.84 kg/hm2） when irrigation water were 658.06-941.94 m3/hm2 and N rate were 87.36-131.16 kg/hm2.The maize yield could be higher（≥4 934.91 kg/hm2） when the water amount were 910.22-1 134.20 m3/hm2 and N rate were 215.89-270.78 kg/hm2.Under AINP,there could be not only lower the gaseous N loss but also higher yield when the optimal irrigation water were 910.22-941.94 m3/hm2,but there was no agreement of the N rate between higher yield treat and the lower N loss one.Compared with conventional i