中文摘要：

采用二元二次正交旋转组合设计,通过田间小区试验研究了垄上覆膜垄沟栽培下播种量和施氮量对冬小麦品种＂小偃22＂个体与群体关系的影响。结果表明,垄沟覆膜栽培下,适当提高播种量可以增加冬小麦基本苗数、冬前分蘖数、总分蘖数及群体大小。高密度低肥有利于冬前分蘖,反之则有利于春季分蘖;适当增加施肥量可以提高单位面积穗数和分蘖成穗率。低密度处理有利于小麦单株子粒产量形成;适量种植密度下的个体优势可以弥补群体不足的缺陷。播种量与施氮量对冬小麦群体子粒产量有明显的调节作用,氮肥对冬小麦群体产量的影响大于种植密度。常规栽培的小麦群体大小及成穗数均高于垄沟栽培;但单株产量低于垄沟栽培。只有协调好个体与群体子粒产量的关系,才能更好地发挥肥料和密度的增产效应。在供试条件下,适宜的播种量为98～127 kg/hm^2,施氮量为N 202～227kg/hm^2;当施肥量为N 223 kg/hm^2,播种密度为102 kg/hm^2时,最高产量可达3851.68 kg/hm^2。

英文摘要：

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of planting density and N rate on relationships of winter wheat individual and its plant population under ridge film mulch planting system with the binary quadric orthogonal rotational combination design.The tested cultivar was Xiaoyan22.The results showed that the basic seedling,tiller number before winter,total tiller number and the population size all increased as planting density increased in ridge film mulching planting.High-density with low N rate favored tiller before winter,while low-density with high N rate promoted spring tillers.Rational fertilization could increase of the number of head per unit area and the rate of heading.Low density was good for the yield in individual plant.Rational increase of individual plant can compensate the yield lose owing to heads deficits per unit of lower density under the ridge planting system.Both planting density and N fertilizer had pronounced effects on the grain yield under the experiment condition with the effect of N fertilizer more significant.The desirable yield would be obtained with the application of nitrogen N 202-227 kg/ha and seeding rate 98-127 kg/ha.The population and spike number under conventional cultivation was higher than that under ridge furrow film,but yield of individual plant was lower.Under the experiment condition,we recommended applying N rate 222.71 kg/ha and planting density 101.75 kg/ha because of the highest yield obtained.