中文摘要：

目的探讨早期局部应用5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）对预防电凝损伤后胆管瘢痕狭窄的疗效，为临床治疗胆管良性狭窄寻求新的途径。方法40只SD大鼠，随机分成2组：实验组（5-FU组）与对照组（NS组），利用电凝损伤胆总管建立胆总管损伤狭窄模型，于胆总管损伤部位分别局部应用5-FU与生理盐水，于术后1周和2周观察肝功能变化、近端胆管扩张程度及胆管狭窄部位病理表现。结果-FU组肝功能损害明显低于同时期ND组，差异有统计学意义（O〈0．05）。5-Fu组近端胆管扩张程度明显轻于NS组。胆管狭窄病理结果提示：5-FU组损伤部位胆管壁增厚不明显，成纤维细胞散在分布，胶原蛋白分布均匀；NS组损伤部位胆管壁明显增厚，成纤维细胞增生活跃，部分可见肌纤维细胞，胶原蛋白多而不规则。结论局部应用5-FU对大鼠胆管电凝损伤所致胆管瘢痕狭窄有预防作用，可以为临床治疗胆管良性狭窄提供新的研究方向。

英文摘要：

Objective To explore the efficacy of early topical application of 5-fluorouracil （5-FU） to prevent the bile duct cicatricial stenosis after electrocoagulation injury, to seek a new treatment for the clinical bile duct benign stenosis. Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups： experimental group （5-FU group） and control group （NS group）, the common bile duct stenosis model was built by electrocoagulation injury. In the common bile duct injury site, 5-FU and saline were used respectively in two groups. One and two weeks after operation, liver function was detected, and the extent of the proximal bile duct dilatation and the pathological manifestations at bile duct stenosis site were observed. Results In 5-FU group, the liver dysfunction was significantly lower than that of the same period of the NS group （P〈0.05）. The extent of the proximal bile duct dilatation in 5-FU group was significantly lighter than that of the NS group （P〈0.05）. Pathology results of bile duct stenosis suggested that bile duct wall of the 5-FU group was slightly thicken at injury site, fibroblast cells were scattered, collagen was evenly distributed; bile duct wall in the NS group was significantly thickened at injury site, fibroblast cells actively proliferated, partially myofibroblast cells were visible. Collagen increased without rules. Conclusion Topical application of 5-FU can prevent rat bile duct cicatricial stenosis after electrocoagulation injury; this provide a new direction for the clinical treatment of bile duct benign stenosis.