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中文摘要：
为研究爆破在露天矿边坡内发展的过程，基于能量守恒理论，假设爆破释放的化学能全部由爆点周边一定范围内的岩体承受，并部分转化为动能，进而能量在碎裂的岩块中传递、吸收，最终达到平衡，爆炸过程结束．论文使用基于颗粒流理论的PFC3D模拟了在露天矿边坡内，不同高度、埋深和装药量的单孔爆破过程，并对爆破后边坡稳定性做了探讨．研究表明：爆炸过程可以分为3个阶段，第1阶段爆炸冲击起主导作用，有速度矢量回荡出现；第2阶段是重力占优势的上覆岩层塌落过程；第3阶段最后颗粒下滑、局部调整至平衡．在经历时间上．前一个阶段与后一个阶段相差一个数量级．总体上说，各种爆破后上层砂岩是稳定的，即坡顶是稳定的．下层砂岩和砂质泥岩会受到一定程度的破坏，但在可控范围内的．
英文摘要：
To study the blasting process in an open mine slope, based on the theory of energy conservation, it was assumed that all the chemical energy released during explosion was trans- mitted to the surrounding rock body within a certain range and partially converted to kinetic en- ergy, then the explosion energy was transferred and absorbed in the fractured and damping rock until the ultimate balance at the end of this dynamic process. The PFC3D simulation plat- form was employed to calcaulate the single-hole blasting processes with different heights, bur- ied depths and charge amounts in the open mine slope, and the slope stability after blasting was discussed. The simulation results show that： the blasting process can be divided into 3 phases. In the first phase, the explosion impact plays a leading role, accompanied by the reverberation of the velocity vectors. In the second phase, gravity is the dominant factor for the collapse of the overburden rock. In the third phase, some particles roll or slip down and end in balance. The time length of the following phase is bigger than that of the preceding one by almost 1 order of magnitude. In general, the upper sandstone is stable after all sorts of blasting, i.e. the slope top is stable. The lower sandstone and sandy mudstone are subject to a certain degree of dam- age but still in control.
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