中文摘要：

规模经济的测度可以从生产函数或成本函数出发,但由于后者的实证检验往往需要相对客观的资本价格指标等原因,导致了前者成为国内实证研究的主流。为此,本文尝试对国外常用的资本价格测算法进行改良,基于成本函数检验当前受政府严格规制的重化工业是否具有规模经济效应。本文使用1998—2008年中国重化工业企业数据,以超越对数成本函数模型与似不相关回归法,测度了重化工业的规模经济指数。研究结果表明,重化工业实际上并不具有显著的规模经济效应,引入竞争可以提升社会福利水平。正是由于规模不经济,部分大型重化工业企业的产量已超过最优生产规模,因此当前重化工业的强力市场准入规制可以算得上是过度规制的典型。

英文摘要：

Evaluating scale economy by estimating production function or cost function is the same. Since cost function＇ s empirical test requires objective capital price index, thus estimating production function has become the mainstream in domestic. This paper attempts to modify the capital price calculation method which is commonly used, and uses cost function to evaluate whether the heavy chemical industries that are currently under strict government regulation have the effect of scale economy. Using the panel data of China＇ s heavy chemical companies during 1998 to 2008, this paper estimates the index of scale economy in heavy chemical industries based on translog cost function model with seemingly unrelated regression. The results confirm that the heavy chemical industries that are under strict regulation do not actually have significant economies of scale, and the introduction of competition can lift the level of social welfare. Due to the diseconomies of scale, even the excessive expansion, the current strong entry barriers of heavy chemical industry is a quite typical of excessive regulation.