中文摘要：

心理科学成为一门成熟科学的必要条件之一是建立心理学概念与神经活动的联系,即心脑关联.当前心脑关联研究通常以心理学概念为出发点形成研究假设,推断脑功能活动特征与心理学概念的关联.心理学概念的形成依赖于观测者的主观经验和一致观念,它们未必反映神经系统的功能组织结构.经过近20年的心脑关联研究,我们仍然难以建立明确而科学的心理学概念与脑活动特征之间的关系.本文综述了当前心脑关联研究的瓶颈、分析其本质原因,并提出以脑为中心、以神经影像大数据为基础的心脑关联研究框架.随后,举例综述新的心脑关联研究框架下神经影像大数据及其方法论.最后,讨论2个实际应用以说明新研究框架对发现心脑关联的独特作用.

英文摘要：

Difficulty in linking psychological concepts with neural mechanisms prevents the field of psychology from being considered a natural science. Previous mind-brain association studies were usually driven by psychological concepts and used to infer brain activity characteristics. Because psychological concepts are formed by observer-dependent experience and consensus, they may not correspond to the functional organization of neural networks in the brain. Even after two decades of mind-brain association research, we are still unable to establish clear and objective associations between psychological concepts and brain function. In this article we first review the challenges in linking psychological concepts with neural mechanisms and then analyze these difficulties＇ causes. Based on these analyses, we propose a novel mind-brain association discovery methodology driven by big neuroimaging data. We discuss the advantage of this neuroimaging data-driven discovery methodology and introduce an algorithm, Graicar, to implement it. Finally, we demonstrate the usefulness of the methodology and the gRAICAR algorithm with two detailed applications