中文摘要：

职住失衡被认为是城市交通拥堵恶化和通勤时耗增加的重要原因之一，但也不乏相反观点。在理论方面，赞成者和质疑者都提出了各自的依据，在实证研究方面也得出了不同的结果。这可能源于不同研究在对象、方法和数据上的差异。其中，职住均衡测度的准确性是影响研究结果可信度的重要方面，国内已有文献都是基于既定的行政空间单元测度职住均衡关系，空间单元面积不等、边界固定的性质严重影响了测度的准确性。为了克服这一问题，采用GIS缓冲区技术，基于问卷调查数据，以上海外环高架线以内的102个街道为研究样本，准确地测度每个缓冲区职住均衡程度，并分析了与通勤时耗的相关性。结果表明，职住均衡确实是影响通勤时耗的显著因素；当职住比率在1．05—1．2左右时，就业者和居住者的通勤时耗最短。因而，城市规划政策中应坚持职住均衡的原则，合理布局居住和就业用地。

英文摘要：

Job-housing imbalance is regarded by some scholars as one of the main reasons for long commuting time and traffic jams, while others question the proposition. One factor behind the divergent findings may be the measurement of jobs-housing balance. Previous studies were based on administrative spatial units, resulting in measurement inaccuracy owing to unequal unit sizes and fixed bound- aries. To address this problem, this paper examines the relation between jobs-housing balance and commuting time by using the GIS buffer method based on 102 sub-districts （jiedao） in Shanghai. The results show that jobs-housing balance does affect commuting time significantly, and areas with jobs-housing ratio between 1.05-1.2 corresponds to the shortest commuting time for their residents. These findings support the belief that jobs-housing balance helps reduce commuting time.