中文摘要：

在超定线性方程Ax=b的解算中，最小二乘（璩）只考虑观测向量西的误差，而总体最小二乘（TLS）则同时顾及观测向量6和系数矩阵A均含误差的情况。本文以六参数模型在平面坐标转换中的应用为例，分别采用LS和TLS进行模型参数的求解。结果表明，2种方法所求参数并无显著差异，但是总体最小二乘更好地改善了坐标转换的内部精度，是一种更为合理的计算方法。

英文摘要：

Test method for the temperature effect on the gyrotheodolite stability was put forward in the paper. It imported single- factor analysis of variance to estimate the gyrotheodolite stability under high-and-low temperature environment. The impact of the obser- vation window distortion was explored in the high-and-low temperature stability test through analysis and experimentation. It was consid- ered that the magnitude of the observation window distortion, which this paper was introduced, could be neglected in the test of middling or low precision gyrotheodolite stability for high-and-low temperature. The method was validated feasible through practicality test data finallv.