中文摘要：

在孩子检验工作记忆的神经机制， event-relatedpotentials (ERP ) 被记录从 12 - 13 47 岁的孩子当他们执行了一项 delayedmatch-to-sample 任务时。ERP 结果表明新、学习的对象两个都唤起了在工作存储器进程期间在 350 ms 附近达到顶点的一个晚积极的 ERP 部件。新目标比学习目标唤起更积极的 ERP 波形。头皮分发证明 thefrontal 中央的电极地点与目标工作记忆过程被联系。当追踪新或学习的目标在之中时视觉分散 ers，目标的 ERP 并且分散 ers 象 150 ms 一样早的揭示微分回答。视觉目标比 distract ers 唤起了更大、更积极的 ERPresponses。典型旧新的效果在 ERP 之间被观察学习并且新分散 ers。然而，新、学习的目标的 ERP 在大约 250 ms，新目标在唤起了更积极去、稍微更早的 ERP 回答不同。另外，一个 P3a 部件被作出对有利的裁决新仅仅指向，并且在在正面、中央的地点的学习目标的 ERP 是不在的。现在的学习结果揭示在孩子位于工作记忆下面的神经机制的空间、时间的特征，其中一些从在成年人的那些是不同的。

英文摘要：

To examine the neural mechanisms of working memory in children, event-related potentials （ERPs） were recorded from the 12-13 year-old while they performed a delayed match-to-sample task, The ERP results revealed that new and studied objects both evoked a late positive ERP component peaking around 350 ms during the working memory process, New objects evoke a more positive ERP waveform than the studied objects, The scalp distribution showed that the frontal-central electrode sites were associated with object working memory processes. When tracking new or studied targets among visual distracters, ERPs of targets and distracters revealed differential responses as early as 150 ms. The visual targets evoked larger and more positive ERP responses than the distracters. The typical old-new effect was observed between ERPs of studied and new distracters. However, ERPs of new and studied targets differed at about 250 ms, in which new targets evoked more positive-going and slightly earlier ERP responses. In addition, a P3a component was found for new targets only, and was absent in ERPs of studied targets at frontal and central sites. The present study results reveal the spatial and temporal characteristics of neural mechanisms underlying working memory in children, some of which are distinct from those in adults.