中文摘要：

无线传感器网络有机融合计算机网络、通信网络和物理感知网络，实现物理世界与信息世界的信息交互和动态控制，被认为是引领经济发展和社会进步的创新型技术．在无线传感器网络中，传感器节点由能量有限的电池供电，而大部分节点部署在复杂的环境中，更换电池或者给电池充电是不现实的．为了合理有效利用有限的能量以延长无线传感器网络的生命周期，实现能量的高效利用是无线传感器网络应用的主要目标．从无线传感器网络的单个节点和整个网络两个方面论述了目前国内外有关能量优化策略研究，并分析了目前国内外具有代表性的降低能耗的协议及算法．

英文摘要：

Wireless sensor network is considered as an innovative technology leading economic development and social progress, which mixes the computer network, communication network and physical network perception together organically to realize the information interaction and dynamic control between the physical world and the information word. In Wireless sensor network, sensor nodes are usually powered by batteries. However, most of the nodes are deployed on the complex environment, where replacing or char- ging batteries is not feasible. In order to use the limited energy to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor network effectively, the main goal of wireless sensor network application is to achieve energy efficiency. This article aims to illustrate the energy optimization strategies from two aspects, the wireless sensor sin- gle node and the entire network. Meanwhile, the current domestic and foreign protocols and algorithms to reduce the energy consumption are to be discussed.