中文摘要：

糖尿病肾病和非糖尿病肾病鉴别诊断的金标准为肾穿刺活检的病理,但肾活检为有创检查,患者接受程度较低。临床实际应用中往往根据糖尿病视网膜病变、蛋白尿、糖尿病病程、血尿、收缩压等进行鉴别诊断。近年来对这些传统临床指标有了新认识,具有鉴别诊断意义的无创性生物标志物和影像学新技术的研究进展也逐渐增多,这些都为疾病的鉴别诊断提供了更广阔的思路。

英文摘要：

The gold standard for differential diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy and non-diabetic renal disease is the pathology of renal biopsy. It＇ s difficult for patients to accept the renal biopsy as an invasive examination. Thus,in clinical practice,clinicians often make the differential diagnosis based on diabetic retinopathy,proteinuria,diabetes duration,hematuria,and systolic blood pressure,etc. In recent years,a mounting understanding for the traditional clinical indicators has appeared. At the same time, new noninvasive biomarkers and imaging techniques contributing to differential diagnosis have also increased. All of these new findings have provided a broader horizon for the differential diagnosis of diabetic kidney diseases.