中文摘要：

无形资产是现代经济的基础，是创新的决定性因素。本文首次利用直接支出法估算了2001-2012年中国宏观无形资产．突破了过去以R＆D代替无形资产的研究范式，拓展了计算机化信息资产、经济竞争力资产，尽量使无形资产定义和分类与中国国民经济核算实践保持一致。创造性地结合微观调查数据和行业部门数据推算员工培训费用、组织资本支出等无形资产，并利用扩展的增长核算模型分析其对经济增长的贡献，为完善无形资产统计和核算体系提供了重要借鉴。研究结果表明：2012年中国无形资产投资规模已达46600亿元．2001-2012年年均现价和不变价增长率分别为25．28％和21．81％．快于全社会固定资产投资增速，且2008年金融危机后其增速进一步加快：中国无形资产投入强度呈逐年增加趋势，2012年达到9．03％，比2001年上升了5.42个百分点，但仍远低于世界发达国家水平．无形资产投入强度低是中国当前发展的短板．成为供给侧结构性改革的关键着力点：中国无形资产投资结构呈现出高计算机化信息资产和创新资产比重、低经济竞争力资产比重的“两高一低”特点．中国对经济竞争力无形资产的认识和支持政策不足；中国无形资产对经济增长的贡献率约为30％．无形资产对于中国经济增长和结构转型升级、全球价值链攀升的作用日益凸显。

英文摘要：

Intangible asset is the basis of modem economy, and is also the decisive factor of innovation. This paper firstly estimates China＇s macro intangible capital from 2001 to 2012 by direct expenditure method, and extends the growth accounting model to analyze its contribution to economic growth. Not only it measures the R＆D, but also the computer information assets, economic competitiveness assets. Consistent with China national economic accounting practicer, it tries to rectify definition and classification of intangible capital. Moreove, it creatively combines with micro survey data and industry data to estimate expenditure of employee training, organizational capital expenditure and other intangible assets. Results show that： （i）China intangible investment reaches 4660 billion RMB in 2012, and its average annual growth rate is 25.28% of current price and 21.81% for constant price from 2001 to 2012. Its growth rate is speeder than the growth rate of total social investment in fixed assets. Moreover, after the 2008 financial crisis, the growth rate has accelerated further. The ratio of intangible investment to GDP is 9.03% in 2012, which has 5.42 percentage points higher than that of 2001, but still far below the level of the western developed countries. Compared with the developed countries, the structure of China＇s intangible investment exhibits ＂two high and one low＂ characteristics. Ratio of computerized information and innovative property are relatively higher, and the ratio of economic eompeteneies is low. The contribution rate of intangible capital to economic growth is about 30%, and the role of intangible asset to economic growth is more and more important, especially after the 2008 financial crisis.