中文摘要：

氨氧化过程是由变形菌纲中的一小部分细菌类群所进行的专性好氧的化能自养过程,氨氧化细菌（AOB）是硝化反应中负责将NH4＋转化为NO2-的一类无机自养微生物,氨氧化古菌（AOA）是独立于AOB进化枝之外的能进行氨氧化作用的古菌。介绍了AOA古菌的发现过程及其氨氧化作用,提取、纯化了amoA基因并利用amoA基因的特征,对它进行扩增,证实了AOA古菌的存在,并为后续研究提供了依据。

英文摘要：

Ammonia oxidation is a obligate aerobic： chemoautotrophic process taken by a small part bacterial community of Hymenomycetes. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria （AOB） is a inorganic： autntrophic micro-organism, responsible for converting NH4＋ to NO2- in the nitrification reaction, ammonia oxidizing archaea （AOA） is independent of the AOB clade. The paper introduced discovery and ammonia oxidation of AOA, extracted, purified and amplified amoA genes according to its features. The results confirmed exist of AOA, and provided basis for follow-up study.