中文摘要：

对哺乳动物胃肠道发育的研究已经超过三十年，但新生儿患胃肠道功能障碍以及由此引发的并发症的几率依然很高，如食物消化不良、生长缓慢、坏死性小肠结肠炎、吸收障碍综合症和腹泻等。此前的综述文章主要论述营养素以及调控因子对胃肠道形态与功能发育的影响，因此，本文在阐述胃肠道形态和功能发育特征的基础上，论述营养素对胃肠道发育的调控作用以及影响机制，揭示营养素和胃肠道发育的生理相关性以及潜在的早期营养调控措施。

英文摘要：

The basic and applied research in mammalian developmental biology on gastrointestinal tract （GIT） has been over 30 years. However, the high morbidity and mortality of mammalian neonates remain a significant problem facing the agricultural and medical sciences. The extent to which intestinal dysfunction occurs in neonates is evident in the increased incidence of clinical complications such as feeding intolerance, poor growth, necrotizing enterocolitis, malabsorption syndromes and diarrhea. Therefore, the growth and functional demand of GIT may have a significant impact not only on the absolute nutrient requirements, but also on the availability of nutrients to peripheral tissues. Since the previous reviews largely concentrated on the actions of nutrients and the growth factors that affected GIT, this review will mainly focus on the characteristics and early nutritional regulation of morphological and functional development of the GIT during prenatal and postnatal periods, and highlight their physiological relevance and potential for therapeutic use in the management of fetus and neonate.