中文摘要：

西方生态哲学主要经历了三次研究范式转变，分别是非人类中心主义、弱人类中心主义以及生态学马克思主义。非人类中心主义主张通过扩展道德关怀对象的外延来寻求生态危机的解决。弱人类中心主义突出了“人”这一概念类的属性，提出应把人类的共同利益、长远利益作为处理人与自然关系的价值导向和价值目标。这二者共同的不足之处在于它们把生态危机简化为伦理价值问题，却忽略了价值观产生的特定生产方式及社会制度。生态学马克思主义克服了这一不足，从对资本主义的生态批判入手，强调了解决生态危机的根本途径在于变革资本主义制度，建立生态社会主义。

英文摘要：

The western ecological philosophy has three research paradigms, namely non-anthropocentrism, weak anthro- pocentrism and ecological Marxism. Non-anthropocentrism is an ecological ethics which tries to solve the ecological crisis by extending the object of moral concern. Weak anthropocentrism highlights the class＇s attributes of ＂Human being＂, and points out that we should regard common and long-term interests of mankind as value targets when handling the relation- ship between man and nature. The common deficiency of these theories is that they simplify the ecological crisis as ethical issues values and ignore that the values are generated in the production and social system. Ecological Marxism overcomes this deficiency, which emphasizes the ecological critique to capitalism and points out that the fundamental way to solve the ecological crisis is to change the capitalist system and establish a ecological socialism.