中文摘要：

目的通过尿中邻苯二甲酸酯类（phthalates）代谢物浓度估计上海市乳母和婴儿邻苯二甲酸酯类的暴露水平,并对其累积暴露进行健康风险评估。方法采用横断面调查方法,对152对乳母和婴儿进行问卷调查和一次性随机尿样采集。使用液相色谱-串联质谱法检测乳母和婴儿尿液中的10种邻苯二甲酸酯类代谢物浓度。使用肌酐校正模型对6种邻苯二甲酸酯类进行暴露评估。使用危害指数法进行累积风险评估。结果乳母尿中邻苯二甲酸酯类代谢产物浓度检出水平前5位分别为邻苯二甲酸单异丁酯（mono-isobutyl phthalate,Mi BP）、邻苯二甲酸单正丁酯（monon-butyl phthalate,Mn BP）、邻苯二甲酸单乙酯（mono-ethyl phthalate,MEP）、邻苯二甲酸单甲酯（mono-methyl phthalate,MMP）和邻苯二甲酸单（2-乙基己基）酯（mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate,MEHP）;婴儿则分别为Mi BP、Mn BP、MEP、MEHP和单（2-乙基-5-羧基戊基）邻苯二甲酸酯（mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate,MECPP）。以尿中邻苯二甲酸酯类代谢产物来估算邻苯二甲酸酯类的每日暴露量（estimated daily intake,EDI）,邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate,DEHP）在乳母和婴儿中均浓度最高,几何均值分别达到6.64和14.02μg/（kg·d）,其他邻苯二甲酸酯类在乳母和婴儿中的EDI值从高到低邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（di-i-sobutyl phthalate,Di BP）和邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（di-n-butyl phthalate,Dn BP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（diethyl phthalate,DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（di-methyl phthalate,DMP）和邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯（butyl-benzyl phthalate,BBP）。采用危害指数法（hazard index,HI）评估累积暴露风险,乳母HI≥1的比例约为5.92%,婴儿HI≥1的比例约为32.24%。结论上海市乳母和婴儿接触邻苯二甲酸酯类存在一定的健康风险,婴儿的风险高于乳母。

英文摘要：

Objective To estimate the levels of phthalates exposure and cumulative risk assessment among infants and their mothers in Shanghai by phthalate monoesters inurine specimens. Methods To collect urine specimens and questionnaires from 152 pairs of infants and mothers in Shanghai and conduct a cross-sectional study. Ten phthalate monoesters were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectroscopy. To estimate the internal exposure of 6 phthalates by creatininemodel and performe cumulative risk assessment by hazard index（ HI）. Results The top five of the concentration level of phthalate monoesters in mothers＇ urine specimens were mono-isobutyl phthalate（ Mi BP）,mono-n-butyl phthalate（ Mn BP）,mono-ethyl phthalate（ MEP）,mono-methyl phthalate（ MMP） and mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate（ MEHP）,while in infants ＇, they were Mi BP, Mn BP, MEP, MEHP and mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate（ MECPP）. The estimated daily intake（ EDI） was calculated according to the concentration of urinary phthalates monoesters. And the DEHP was at the highest level both in mothers and infants,the geometric means（ GMs） reached to 6. 64 and 14. 02 μg/（kg·d）. While others from high to low were Di BP,Dn BP,DEP,DMP and BBP respectively. HI was used to perform cumulative risk assessment. The proportion of HI over 1 among mothers was 5. 92%,and among infants was 32. 24%. Conclusion There are some health risks of the phthalates exposure among mothers and infants in communities in Shanghai,and the cumulative risks of infants are higher than mothers.