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纳米材料和纳米技术在核废料处理中的应用研究进展

ISSN号：0253-9950
期刊名称：核化学与放射化学
时间：2012
页码：321-330
分类：O614.4[理学—无机化学;理学—化学] O643.3[理学—物理化学;理学—化学]
作者机构：[1]中国科学院等离子体物理研究所,安徽合肥230031, [2]绍兴文理学院化学化工学院,浙江绍兴312000
相关基金：国家自然科学基金资助项目（20907055;20971126;21071147;21077107;21007074）;科技部“973”重大研究计划资助项目（2007CB936602;2011CB933700）
相关项目：放射性核素Eu(III)在锰(氢)氧化物上的吸附机理和微观结构研究

关键词：纳米材料, 纳米技术, 核废料处理, 研究进展, nanomaterials nanotechnology, nuclear waste management research progress

中文摘要：

核废料的妥善处理和安全处置是世界各国关注的热点和焦点。近年来，寻求环境友好的污染物高效修复材料逐步成为各国环境科学领域研究的热点。随着环境分子科学的迅速发展，被誉为“21世纪最有应用价值材料”的纳米材料在环境污染治理中的应用越来越受到重视，纳米材料比表面积大，反应活性高，可促进多种界面反应，如对重金属离子及放射性核素的界面吸附及增强氧化一还原反应等，有望在重金属离子及放射性核素等污染治理中发挥重要作用。本文综述了国内外纳米金属材料、纳米金属氧化物材料、碳纳米材料与碳纳米材料复合物以及其他纳米材料在核废料处理中的应用研究进展，探讨了该研究领域的不足，展望了其研究前景，以期为该领域的进一步深入研究拓展新的思路。

英文摘要：

The release of radionuclides can impose potential hazardous to the health ana sate- ty of the public and quality of the natural environment including air, soil, and water. There- fore, development of safe methods for the proper disposal of high-level radioactive waste is of extreme importance and world concern. Recently, development of high efficient and environ- ment friendly functional materials and their potential application in remediating soils and waters polluted by a variety of contaminants have received a considerable attention. With the development of environmental molecular science, the application of nanomaterials, which have been well known as the most promising material in the 21st century, in remediatingpolluted soil or water environment has gained even more attention in recent years. The unique characteristics of enhanced suface area and increased reaction activity of nanomaterials are expected to promote interface reactions. Such reactions include enhanced surface adsorp- tion of heavy metal ions or radionuelides by nano adsorbents, strengthened oxidation-reduc- tion reactions. Therefore, in this paper, recent research progress in the application of nano- materials to the nuclear waste management at home and aboard is reviewed. The application of nanometals, nano-oxides, carbon nanomaterials or their composites, and other types of nanomaterials to nuclear waste management is outlined. Besides, some problems with respective to the application of nanomaterials in the nuclear waste management are briefed. The work thus provides important information for the future development of nanomaterials in the environmental remediation.