中文摘要：

【目的】探讨中国重要的小麦骨干亲本之一矮孟牛的遗传构成及其特异标记位点（染色体区段）在衍生后代中的传递频率和遗传贡献率。【方法】利用覆盖小麦全基因组的836个DArT标记对矮孟牛的3个亲本进行标记筛选,获得来自3个亲本的330个特异标记,并分析特异标记位点（染色体区段）在41份后代材料的遗传频率和遗传贡献率。【结果】亲本牛朱特的遗传物质对后代影响的覆盖涉及面最广,遗传贡献率最大,对后代衍生品种不同染色体的贡献率范围为21.5%（7A）—85.4%（5D）,对A、B、D这3个基因组的贡献率分别为44.4%、51.8%和52.0%,对后代衍生品种（系）的遗传贡献率平均为52.2%,表明国外引进种质对中国的小麦遗传改良起到了重要作用。矮丰3号对后代衍生品种不同染色体的贡献率范围为12.2%（5D）—70.7%（2A）,对A、B、D 3个基因组的贡献率分别为46.2%、44.0%和23.8%,对后代衍生品种（系）的遗传贡献率平均为43.2%;孟县201对后代衍生品种不同染色体的贡献率范围为14.0%（1D）—68.3%（6D）,对A、B、D 3个基因组的贡献率分别为34.9%、35.9%和42.7%,对后代衍生品种（系）的遗传贡献率平均为35.4%。并鉴定出骨干亲本中一些对后代有较大贡献、高频率传递的染色体位点。【结论】本研究探明了矮孟牛中特异标记位点在衍生后代中的传递频率和遗传贡献率,鉴定出许多与小麦重要性状紧密连锁、对衍生后代具有重要贡献的染色体位点,为解析骨干亲本易出品种的遗传基础,更好地创造和利用骨干亲本,培育小麦新品种提供参考。

英文摘要：

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to reveal the genetic structure of Aimengniu and the transmission of its specific loci in derivatives.【Method】 A total of 836 DArT markers covering the whole genome of wheat were used to screen the three parents of Aimengniu,while 330 markers were effective for genetic contribution ratio.【Result】 The results indicated that Neuzucht contributed more genetic components（52.2%） to their derivative than other parents（Aifeng3,43.2% and Mengxian201,35.4%）.As for single chromosomes,Aifeng 3 had the contribution ratio of 12.2%（5D）-70.7%（2A）,while 14.0%（1D）-68.3%（6D） for Mengxian201 and 21.5%（7A）-85.4%（5D） for Neuzucht.On the A,B and D subgenome levels,the values were 46.2%,44.0% and 23.8% for Aifeng3.34.9%,35.9%,42.7% for Mengxian201 and 44.4%,51.8%,52.0% for Neuzucht,respectively.Some markers with the higher contribution ratio and inheritable rates were also detected.【Conclusion】These markers were in accordance with important genes and QTLs located on these genomic regions,this may useful for marker/trait association studies.