中文摘要：

俄罗斯是世界上国土面积最大的国家，其对自然资源的管理和珍稀动植物的保护有一套较为完善的制度。其中，国家公园是俄罗斯特别自然保护区域体系中保护级别最高的保护地之一。截至2014年，俄罗斯已经建有47座国家公园。完善的法律法规和行之有效的管理制度使得俄罗斯的国家公园运行良好，自然资源得到较好的保护。笔者从国家公园的定义、入选标准、管理部门设置、机构职能、人员配置、资金来源、土地权属等方面阐述了俄罗斯国家公园管理制度的总体情况，并基于我国的基本国情提出如下建议：（1）建立国家公园体制明确为中央事权，即明确国家公园由国家中央机构直接管理，国家公园的资产所有权也归国家所有；（2）统一管理部门，建议由一个部门负责国家公园的管理工作，其他自然保护地是否由一个部门管理要根据改革进程分阶段实施；（3）管理部门要兼有生态保护、自然资源监管和污染防治职能；（4）将健全自然资源资产产权制度和用途管制制度相结合，即根据自然资源所有者和管理者相分离的原则，由国家公园管理部门负责自然资源监管和用途管制职责。

英文摘要：

Russia owns the largest land area in the world,and it has a unique management and protection system of natural resources and endangered plants and animals.National Parks,among others,are of the highest level of protection in Russian special nature conservation region system.By2014,Russia has established47national parks around the country.Sound laws and regulations as well as effective management system have made the national parks well?operated habitats in which natural resources are well protected.By expounding the general situation of Russian national park management system from the perspectives of the definition,selection criteria,management department settings,organization function,staffing mode,financial sources and land ownership,this paper put forward the following suggestions on the basis of the Chinese situation:first,establish national parks under the direct supervision of central government,ie,the national parks are centrally-administered and state-owned;second,unify the administration of the national parks,ie,a certain department be responsible for the management of all national parks and the administration of other natural reserves depends on the different stages in reform process;third,the management department should be entitled to ecological conservation,natural resources regulation and pollution abatement;forth,along with the improvement of natural resources property rights system and use control regulation institution,the management department of national parks should assume the obligation of natural resource regulation and use control.