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中文摘要：
退耕还林因地域的差异存在不同的问题。长江上游山区本质属于受干扰山地系统，生态恢复需从多尺度和多角度入手。作为一个契机，退耕还林对生态恢复的作用在持续性和生态性上存在着矛盾和统一，同时也存在不同利益主体之间的博弈。针对岷江上游区域，在分析了社会、生态复杂性的基础上，通过对不同区域的对比，讨论了人工林种植后的生态效应，研究发现抚育较好的人工林生物多样性和土壤质量指数增加，人工林需要加强人为的干预，并根据在该区域的社会经济调查，指出了退耕还林存在的问题并提出了相应的对策。
英文摘要：
Different problems in ＂Conversion of Farmland to Forestland＂ exist in different regions. Ecological restoration in the upper reaches of Yangtze River, which belongs to disturbed mountainous region, needs to be examined from different perspectives and scales. As a challenge, the restoration projects may be contradictory in maintaining ecological sygtem and exploration, and may have different effects on different groups of people. By analyzing the complexity of upper Minjiang River Valley, the ecological effect of reforestation was discussed in different case study areas. The results showed that the biodiversity and soil quality increased in the well-reforested land. It is suggested that human intervention is needed in reforestation. With the social and economical investigation, suggestions were put forward to solve problems in ＂Conversion of Farmland to Forestland＂.
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