中文摘要：

传染性支气管炎是一种急性、高度接触性传染病,被世界动物卫生组织（OIE）列为B类疫病,对世界养禽业的发展造成了严重威胁。目前,传染性支气管炎的主要预防措施仍然是接种疫苗,但由于传染性支气管炎病毒具有血清型众多、变异速度快且交叉保护性弱等特点,使得传染性支气管炎的防制一直是养禽业面临的重大难题。文章主要对传染性支气管炎病毒的分子生物学特征及其弱毒疫苗的发展历程和免疫策略等方面进行了阐述,以期为新型传染性支气管炎弱毒疫苗的开发及应用提供科学参考。

英文摘要：

Infectious bronchitis （IB） is an acute and susceptible infectious disease,which has been classified as B loemia and causes a grave threat to the poultry industry. Now,the primary preven- tion measures of IB are vaccine inoculation. With the diversity of infectious bronchitis virus （IBV） serotype and easy variation, and the weakness of cross protection, the prevention and control of IB were a major problem in poultry industry. In this ariticle, it summarized the molecular biological characteristics, and the development and immunization strategy of the attenuated vaccine of IB to provide scientific references for the research and application of IB attenuated vaccine.