中文摘要：

目的研究脑出血患者术后肺部感染的危险因素及发生率,并探讨有效的防治措施。方法选取2010年1月-2014年1月医院收治的326例脑出血患者,对其每周至少进行1次痰培养,对发生肺部感染的相关危险因素进行分析;通过问卷调查的形式,对患者的年龄、性别、吸烟史等临床资料进行调查,分析脑出血患者术后肺部感染与基础疾病、出血部位、出血量及意识状况间的相关性。结果年龄≥50岁的脑出血患者肺部感染率50.52%,显著高于年龄〈50岁的患者,男性患者肺部感染率48.13%,也明显高于女性,具有吸烟史的脑出血患者肺部感染率59.90%,明显高于无吸烟史的患者,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;患有糖尿病和慢性呼吸系统疾病的脑出血患者术后肺部感染率分别为53.38%、63.36%,显著高于无糖尿病和慢性呼吸系统疾病的患者,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;出血量不同,其术后合并肺部感染率不尽相同,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;GCS评分≤8分的脑出血患者术后合并肺部感染率显著高于GCS评分〉8分的脑出血患者,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论脑出血术后肺部感染和患者的年龄、性别、吸烟史、糖尿病、慢性呼吸系统疾病、出血量以及GCS评分等因素有关,为降低术后肺部感染的发生率,临床上应加强危险因素的控制。

英文摘要：

OBJECTIVE To investigate risk factors and incidence of lung infections after surgery for cerebral hemorrhage and explore effective prevention and treatment measures.METHODS Totally 326 patients with cerebral hemorrhage from Jan.2010 to Jan.2014 in our hospital were selected,their sputum specimens were collected for culture at least once every week to analyze related risk factors of lung infections.Through a questionnaire,clinical data on age,sex,smoking history and so on were investigated to conduct a comparative analysis on association of postoperative lung infections with the patient′s underlying diseases,bleeding sites,bleeding amount and consciousness.RESULTS The lung infection rate was 50.52%in patients with cerebral hemorrhage who were aged≥50years,significantly higher than those aged 50years;48.13%in men,significantly higher than in women;59.90%in patients with a smoking history,significantly higher than patients without a history of smoking（P〈0.05）.Patients with diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases had the postoperative lung infection rates of 53.38%and 63.36% respectively,significantly higher than those without diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases（P〈0.05）.The rate of postoperative lung infections varied among patients with different amounts of bleeding,the difference was significant（P〈0.05）.The postoperative pulmonary infection rate in patients with GCS score≤8points was significantly higher than those with GCS score〉8points（P〈0.05）.CONCLUSIONLung infections after surgery for cerebral hemorrhage are related to the patient′s age,sex,smoking history,diabetes,chronic respiratory diseases,bleeding amount and GCS scores.In order to reduce postoperative lung infection rates,clinicians should strengthen the control of risk factors.