中文摘要：

研究了MSHR基因G676A突变在22个山羊群体634个个体中的变异，发现白色山羊群体166个个体绝大多数为GG纯合子，G为优势等位基因，频率为0．99。以红棕色为主色调山羊群体的197个个体中A为优势等位基因，频率为0．33，且国外引入品种具有更高的A等位基因频率（0．89）。以黑色为主色调山羊群体的271个个体中，A等位基因频率为0．21，处于白色山羊群体（0．01）和以红棕色为主色调的山羊群体（0．33）之间。研究结果显示AA基因型可能与山羊的棕色皮毛形成有关，而GG基因型可能与白色被毛形成有关。遗传多样性分析表明，G676A突变位点表现出丰富的遗传多样性，只是在以黑色为主色调的建昌黑山羊、雷州山羊、武安山羊、都安山羊和青色的济宁青山羊中表现出遗传多样性的缺乏。遗传分化结果显示，国内外山羊群体间的基因分化（0．449）明显大于国内品种间的分化（0．237），国内南北地区山羊群体间分化程度较低，以黑色和棕红色为主色调的山羊群体间具有较大的基因流动。聚类分析结果也与毛色变异基本一致。

英文摘要：

Variation of goat MSHR gene G676A mutation in 22 populations containing 634 individuals was analyzed. The results indicated that the dominate genotype in the goat populations with white hair were homozygote GG,and the allele G was the superiority gene with a frequency of 0.99. The allele A was the superiority gene with a frequency of 0.33 in red and brown hair goat populations containing 197 individuals, especially up to 0. 89 in those of abroad breeds. The frequency of A was 0. 21 in 271 goat individuals with black coat color mostly, which was higher than that in the white （0.01） but lower than that in the red and brown （0.33）. It could be inferred that genotype AA might be related with red and brown coat color, and GG with white coat color. The results also indicated that the G676A mutation was with higher genetic diversity, but poor in Jianchang Black goat, Leizhou goat, Wuan goat, Duan goat and Jining Grey goat. The genetic differentiation among imported goat populations （0. 449） was higher than that among Chinese indigenous goat breeds （0. 237）, and it was lower between indigenous southern and northern goat populations. The higher gene flow of G676A mutation existed between black hair populations and red and brown hair populations. The clustering of populations based on G676A mutation was basically consistent with the variation of coat and hair color.