中文摘要：

以具有天然球形颗粒结构的生物质原料马铃薯淀粉为前驱体,通过（NH4）2HPO4活化和KOH二次活化制备微孔炭微球.采用扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）和N2吸附-脱附分别对样品的形貌特征和孔隙结构进行表征,并在6mol/L KOH电解质溶液中对样品进行电化学测试.结果表明：经二次活化后可制得比表面积2 325 m2/g,总孔容1.11cm3/g,微孔孔容0.82 cm3/g的高微孔率活性炭微球.所制炭微球具有优异的电化学电容特性：在50 mA/g电流密度下,质量比电容为304 F/g;在1 000 mA/g较大的电流密度下,质量比电容为277.4 F/g;在200 mV/s快速电压扫描速率下,循环伏安（CV）曲线仍能保持良好的矩形形状.

英文摘要：

Microporous carbon microspheres （AC-2） were prepared from potato starch via a two step activation method. （NH,）2HPO4 and KOH were selected as activators for the first and second activation process, respectively. The morphology and pore structure of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and N2 adsorption-desorption techniques. The electrochemical performance of AC-2 was measured in 6 mol/dm3 KOH electrolyte. The results demonstrate that the BET surface of the final product is 2 325 m2/g and its total pore volume is 1.11 cm3/g. Micropores are major structure component whose volume is 0.82 cm3/g. Besides, AC-2 exhibits excellent capacitive behaviors. A high specific capacitance of 304 F/g can be obtained at a current density of 50 mA/g. It also shows good rate capability. A specific capacity of 277.4 F/g can still be maintained even at a high current density of 1 000 mA/g and CV curves still remain rectangular shape even when the scan rate increase to 200 mV/s.