中文摘要：

本研究以不充裕加工时间为条件,结果在先、后指定两种范式中都出现了显著的高于平均效应和低于平均效应。先指定范式在不充裕加工时间下,被试采用＂和折中标准相比＂的策略;后指定范式无论加工时间充裕与否,被试都采用＂和折中标准相比＂的策略。研究结果支持将目标＂和折中标准相比＂是高于平均效应和低于平均效应产生的原因。

英文摘要：

Above-and below-average effects,widely present in social and nonsocial comparison situations,influence comparisons＇ processes and results.The above-average effect is showing the participants a group of congeneric items that is generally high on a specific dimension,but there＇re no significant differences between these items.Then the participants do the member-to-group comparisons,rate how a randomly selected member from the group compares with the rest of the group.The result shows the randomly selected item（target） tend to be rated as better than the remaining group.The below-average effect is contrary to the above-average effect.The group of congeneric items is generally low on a specific dimension,and the randomly selected items tend to be rated as worse than the remaining group.Fewer researches have been done on the two effects in the nonsocial comparison situation.Giladi and Klar,Windshitl,Conybeare Krizan did some behavior researches,founded early and delayed donation processes and established the LOGE approach and time account separately to explain the above-and below-average effects and their reverses.The time account indicated that the donation time of the target had a significant influence on the effects＇ generation and reverse.In the present study,we hold ＂comparison with the compromise standard＂ brought about the two effects,and the ＂abundant and non-abundant process time＂ influenced the effect through altering the participant＇s comparison strategies.In the present research,we used the non-abundant situation to investigate the mechanisms and differences of the two effects in two donation processes.This study consolidated experiment processes and increased the amount of study materials based on previous researches to improve research＇s reliability and validity;it used a 3-point response scale to simplify the rating and used the non-abundant situation to investigate the mechanisms and differences of the two effects in two donation processes.The result showed that either early or de