中文摘要：

近年来，心血管疾病在我国的发病率和致死率呈逐年上升趋势，已成为威胁我国公众健康的重要疾病之一．尽管长期的研究使人们对心血管疾病有了一定的了解，但是其发病机制尚未完全清楚．非编码RNA（non-coding RNA，ncRNA）是指转录组中不编码蛋白的功能性RNA分子，包括微小RNA（microRNA，miRNA）和长链非编码RNA（10ng non-codingRNA，IncRNA）等．miRNA是一类在进化上高度保守，具有转录后调节活性的单链非编码小分子RNA．而IncRNA是一类转录本长度超过200个核苷酸的功能性非编码RNA分子．研究表明，这些功能性ncRNA不但在细胞增殖、分化和衰老过程中发挥着重要作用，还参与了癌症、神经退行性疾病和心血管疾病等疾病的病理进程．本文将着重概述miRNA和lncRNA在心血管疾病中的作用及其最新研究进展．

英文摘要：

In recent years, cardiovascular diseases have become a major threat to public health m China, with an upward trend in morbidity and mortality. Despite more comprehensive understanding has gained due to the long-term study of cardiovascular diseases, its pathogenesis has not yet been entirely clear. Non-coding RNA （ ncRNA ） , including microRNA （ miRNA ） and long non-coding RNA （lneRNA）, are functional non-coding RNAs in the transcriptome, miRNAs are an evolutionarily conserved class of small single-strand RNAs that mediate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. lneRNAs, more than 200 nueleotides, are another class of functional non-coding RNAs. miRNAs have been intensively studied and lneRNAs have recently received much attention, with a number of accumulated research results. Growing evidences have suggested that lncRNA not only plays important roles in cell development and metabolism, but also participates in the pathological process of cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on the function of miRNAsand lncRNAs on several cardiovascular diseases.