中文摘要：

针对铀矿中酸法含铀废水处理的难点,利用木屑制备季铵盐型螯合吸附剂（MS）强化其除铀效果。研究环氧氯丙烷（ECH）添加量、二乙烯三胺（DETA）添加量、醚化反应时间、接枝反应时间对木屑的改性效果及其对废水中U（Ⅵ）吸附效果的影响,获取制备MS的最佳工艺条件。对MS进行表征分析并探讨吸附剂的改性机理。单因素实验结果表明：随着ECH、DETA添加量的增加及醚化时间的延长,MS对U（Ⅵ）的吸附性能先增大后减小;而随着接枝时间的增加,MS对U（Ⅵ）的吸附效果先增大而后基本保持不变。正交优化实验结果表明：对U（Ⅵ）吸附性能的影响醚化反应时间最大,接枝反应时间次之,ECH、DETA添加量最小。最优制备条件为ECH添加量10 m L,DETA添加量6 m L,醚化反应时间1 h,接枝反应时间4 h,此时MS对U（Ⅵ）的吸附率为99.72%,吸附量达99.72 mg/g。

英文摘要：

The problem of processing uranium wastewater in the uranium milling plant was studied by preparing a kind of quaternary ammonium salt chelate adsorbent （MS） to strengthen the effect of adsorbing uranium. The effects of epichlorohydrin dosage, diethylenetriamine dosage, etherification reaction time, grafting reaction time on the modification effect of sawdust and its U（VI） adsorption in wastewater were studied, and the optimal technological conditions for preparing MS were gotten. And the MS was characterized and the modification mechanism of the adsorbent was studied. The single factor test result shows that with the increase of ECH dosage, DETA dosage and etherification reaction time, U（VI） adsorption increases and then decreases, and with the increase of grafting reaction time, U（VI） adsorption increases and then keeps unchanged. The orthogonal test result shows that the largest effect for U（VI） adsorption is etherification reaction time, then grafting reaction time, and the smallest effect for U（VI） adsorption is ECH and DETA dosage. The technological parameters optimized by conducting orthogonal test for the U（VI） adsorption are epichlorohydrin dosage of 10 mL, diethylenetriamine dosage of 6 mL, etherification reaction time of 1 h, grafting reaction time of 4 h. Under this condition, the highest adsorption rate is 99.72% and the highest adsorption capacity is 99.72 mg/g.