中文摘要：

富马酸是一种重要的平台化合物和精细化学品，广泛应用于材料、医药、食品及饲料添加剂等领域，市场潜力巨大。利用可再生生物质为原料发酵生产富马酸符合当前社会对绿色环保、健康安全及可持续发展的总体需求。本文对发酵生产富马酸的常见根霉菌及其代谢机理进行了评述，并详细讨论了营养成分、菌体形态、pH控制及产物分离回收技术等对富马酸生产强度和生产成本的影响。随着科技的不断发展，利用各种新兴手段不断改良现有菌种及工艺，必将实现发酵法生产富马酸的大规模工业化。

英文摘要：

Fumaric acid, which is considered as an important platform compound and fine chemical, has been widely used in many fields such as materials, medicine, foods, feeds and so on. The production of fumaric acid using renewable resources as the substrate is a promising route since this way can meet the requirement of green industry, health safety and sustainable development. In this paper, the fumaric acid producing strain Rhizopus species and the metabolic mechanism of fumaric acid production have been reviewed. The effects on the production and cost of fumaric acid of nutritional components, mycelial morphology, the control of pH and the technology of separation and recovery are discussed in detail. With the development of science and technology, advanced approaches will be applied to improve the strains and current technology. Industrial manufacture of fumaric acid by fermentation is expected to be realized in future.