中文摘要：

欠电位沉积（upd）具有重要的理论和应用价值，一直是电化学领域的研究热点。 upd过程理论研究的实质主要为围绕沉积基体、沉积物种和阴离子（或其他有机添加剂）三者在upd过程中的相互作用关系和规律的研究。本文从upd过程热力学和动力学两个方面出发，系统地概述了近年来国内外在upd理论研究方面的进展。在upd过程热力学方面，从欠电位位移（ΔEupd）、upd电吸附价（γ）、温度对upd的影响和电化学吸附等温线四个方面进行了阐述，概括和分析了upd过程热力学研究中涉及的相关数学表达式及其应用；在其动力学方面，主要概述了upd成核和生长过程动力学，总结介绍了借助相关数学模型在分析upd过程动力学特征方面的研究。此外，简单介绍了计算化学在upd研究中的应用成果；最后，总结了upd的理论研究现状并展望了upd的未来研究方向。

英文摘要：

Underpotential deposition （upd） has been a hotspot in the field of electrochemical research throughout the years owing to its significant theoretical and applied research value. Theoretical research on upd primarily centers around the relations and rules of interaction among deposition substrates, deposition species, and anions （or other organic additives） during upd process. In this paper, the developments in theoretical research in recent years on upd on both the local and international levels are systematical y summarized mainly from two viewpoints, namely, thermodynamics and kinetics. With regard to the thermodynamics of upd process, introductory comments and mathematical formulas are summarized from four aspects, i.e., underpotential shift （ΔEupd）, electrosorption valency （γ）, influence of temperature, and electrochemical adsorption isotherms. The applications and analyses of those related mathematical formulas are also presented in detail. In terms of the kinetics of upd process, nucleation and growth phenomena are mainly presented. We summarize the relevant mathematical models, and additional y introduce research studies on the characteristics of upd kinetics based on these mathematical models. Furthermore, this paper presents an outline of computational chemistry methods and application achievements concerning upd research. Final y, the theoretical research status of upd is presented, giving an overal view of the development trend.