硅橡胶复合绝缘子具有重量轻、耐污闪能力强、运输安装方便等优点,被广泛用于电力系统的外绝缘。在污秽、紫外辐射、放电、温湿度等现场复杂因素的长期作用下,复合绝缘子硅橡胶绝缘材料逐渐老化,运行可靠性显著降低,严重威胁电力系统的运行安全。如何科学表征和评估复合绝缘子的老化状况,是目前国内外业界关注的热点和难点问题。文中结合作者的研究成果,分析了复合绝缘子硅橡胶材料的老化机理,综述了目前考核复合绝缘子长期性能的模拟严酷环境试验方法以及复合绝缘子老化状态检测和评估技术的研究现状与进展,对各种老化试验及状态评估方法的适用性及有效性进行了分析,最后对复合绝缘子老化状态表征和评估技术的发展趋势进行了展望,以期能为电力部门的复合绝缘子运行维护和生产厂家的设计制造提供参考。
Silicone rubber composite insulators have been widely applied as the external insulation of electric power system because of their advantages such as light weight, anti-contamination flashover performance, convenient transportation and installation, etc. With the complicated effects of on-site contamination, ultraviolet radiation, discharge, temperature, humidity and other factors, the silicone rubber materials are gradually aged, and aggravated with operation time prolonging, which causes the significant decrease of operation reliability and threatens the stability and safety of power system seriously. How to characterize and evaluate the aging state of composite in- sulators has been the problem and research focus of both at home and abroad. In this paper, combined with the research results of the authors' teams, the aging mechanism of silicone rubber material is analyzed, and the artificial accelerated aging methods, the detection and evaluation techniques of aging state of composite insulators are summarized. The applicability and effectiveness of different methods are analyzed, and the related development trends are forecasted, so as to instruct the operation, maintenance and manufacturing of composite insulators for power enterprise and manufacturer.