中文摘要：

鸽子和蝙蝠的活动与排泄物污染是威胁北岳庙德宁之殿古建筑与古壁画安全的关键因素。本研究首先开展了德宁之殿动物病害现状调查，利用安防监控系统监测了大殿内蝙蝠的夜间活动特点，使用观鸟望远镜观测了鸽子的白天活动规律，并测定了病害动物排泄物的酸碱度和易溶盐含量。针对德宁之殿当前的动物病害问题，引入超声波驱赶法对大殿内病害动物进行驱逐，结合数字式声级计和单位面积蝙蝠排泄物重量变化对驱赶效果做出判定。结果表明：有近干只蝙蝠和数百只鸽子在德宁之殿内、外频繁活动；蝙蝠尿液呈酸性，富含硝酸盐和硫酸盐，其粪便为碱性，硝酸盐含量较高；鸽子粪便内含有较高的硝酸盐；病害动物排泄物易造成古壁画原有保存微环境改变，产生病害。安装超声波动物驱赶器后，大殿内蝙蝠平均活动时间缩短，活动强度受到了明显抑制，活动区单位面积内排泄物重量降低；大殿外鸽子也受到了驱赶器的影响，延迟返巢。超声波驱赶法在古建筑蝙蝠与鸽子病害防治过程中具有一定优势，同时有必要实施其它物理防治和机械防治等主动干预措施，以进一步提高综合防治效率。

英文摘要：

The activities and excrement pollution of pigeons and bats are major factors threatening the safety of historical buildings and ancient murals of Dening Palace, Beiyue Temple. In this study, the extent of animal damage in Dening Palace was investigated. First, we used the security monitoring system to monitor the characteris- tics of hat activity in the evening. A bird observation telescope were used to survey the activity of pigeons during the day. The pH and content of soluble salts in the excrement were analyzed simultaneously. Because of the serious animal damage problems in Dening Palace at present, an ultrasonic method was selected to drive those dangerous animals out. The relationship between sound level, measured by a digital sound level meter, and the weight change of excrement per unit area could be used to judge the effect of sound in driving out the animals. The results showed that thousands of bats and hundreds of pigeons inhabit and reproduce in this place, that the urine of bats is acidic and contains high levels of nitrate and sulfate, and that their excrement is more alkaline but has a higher level of nitrate; the excrement of pigeons contains more nitrate. The components of this excrement can easily alter and damage the ancient murals at this site. Using the ultrasound apparatus, the intensity of bat activity in the palace was reduced, as determined by a decrease in the weight of excrement. The ultrasonic driving method also had some influence on the activity of pigeons, in that it discouraged them from flying back to the site. In conclusion, the ultrasonic driving apparatus has at least a temporary effect in driving animals out of such historical buildings. We suggest that physical and mechanical control measures can be utilized in similar situation in the future.